Patna: In a major milestone for Bihar’s agricultural sector, Makhana (fox nut) cultivated in the state has now made its way to the American market, thanks to a sustained push by the Bihar Government, the Agriculture Department, and COMFED (Sudha). Over the past decade, the state has not only expanded the cultivation area of Makhana but also significantly improved productivity – transforming the traditional crop into an export-ready superfood.
Makhana Cultivation Area Nearly Triples Since 2012
In 2012, Makhana cultivation in Bihar was limited to 13,000 hectares. However, through targeted schemes like the Chief Minister Horticulture Mission and Makhana Vikas Yojana, this area has expanded to 35,224 hectares in 2025.
- Productivity has surged from 16 quintals per hectare in 2012 to 28 quintals per hectare.
- Over 25,000 farmers are now engaged in Makhana farming.
This sharp growth is attributed to the introduction of high-yielding varieties and government-backed initiatives for storage, mechanization, and marketing.
GI Tag and Global Recognition Boost Export Potential
Makhana received its Geographical Indication (GI) tag on August 20, 2022, under the name Mithila Makhana, giving it a distinct identity in both domestic and international markets. This recognition has played a key role in opening doors for exports, with Sudha recently sending its first shipment to the United States.
To further support exports and systematic growth, the Bihar Government is now forming a Makhana Board. This board will focus on-
- Area expansion
- Mechanization and processing
- Branding and marketing
- Export facilitation
Targeted Schemes Driving Farmer Participation and Innovation
The Makhana Vikas Yojana, launched in 2019–20, has introduced scientifically developed varieties like-
- Swarn Vaidehi (by Makhana Research Center, Darbhanga)
- Sabour Makhana-1 (by Bhola Paswan Shastri Agricultural College)
These are promoted via demonstration plots in 10 key Makhana-producing districts- Darbhanga, Madhubani, Katihar, Araria, Purnia, Kishanganj, Supaul, Madhepura, Saharsa, and Khagaria.
Production has now expanded to 16 districts to meet rising demand.
Revenue from Makhana Sector Quadruples Since 2005
The state’s revenue from fisheries and Makhana water taxes has witnessed a 4.57-fold increase:
- 2005: ₹3.83 crore
- 2023–24: ₹17.52 crore
This surge reflects Makhana’s growing commercial and export viability.
