Patna: Farmers in Bihar’s Saharsa district’s Sahsaul Panchayat have transformed flood-prone lands into profitable ponds by cultivating makhana (fox nuts), earning them up to ₹50,000 annually per farmer and boosting local environmental sustainability. This initiative has also created new employment opportunities in the village, reducing migration and strengthening the local economy. Additionally, the ponds have improved water management and contributed to restoring ecological balance in the region.
Flooded Lands Turn into Gold
For years, many farmlands in Sahsaul remained waterlogged, making traditional crops like paddy and wheat impossible to grow. Farmers either struggled with low income or were forced to migrate for work. Through the Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali (Water-Life-Greenness) campaign, local farmers received guidance and support to convert neglected waterlogged fields into ponds suitable for makhana cultivation.
Economic Upliftment Through Makhana
Currently, 19 farmers in Sahsaul are successfully growing makhana, generating a minimum annual income of ₹50,000 per farmer.
- Cost of cultivation: Up to ₹15,000 per season
- Revenue: Up to three times the investment, with market prices ranging from ₹600–1,200 per kg
Ganesh Kumar Mahto, a local farmer, says that makhana cultivation has strengthened their economic foundation and created a sustainable livelihood model.
Environmental Benefits
The conversion of waterlogged lands into ponds has also enhanced the village ecosystem, contributing to water conservation, soil health, and biodiversity. These ponds are now a model of environmental balance and sustainable farming.
Government Support and State-Level Impact
The Makhana Development Scheme provides subsidies for improved seeds and tool kits, helping farmers increase productivity and quality. The initiative has also positioned Bihar’s makhana at a global market level, promoting rural employment and self-reliance.
Shravan Kumar, Rural Development Minister, emphasized that makhana cultivation is a key driver for farmer income growth and rural development across the state.
About Makhana Cultivation
Makhana, also known as fox nuts, is a high-value aquatic crop native to Bihar. It is highly nutritious, rich in protein and antioxidants, and widely used in Indian snacks, desserts, and health foods. Bihar remains the largest producer of makhana in India, with state-led initiatives supporting sustainable production and export promotion.
